1. What is Specific Gravity?

Specific Gravity (SG) is a dimensionless unit that compares the density of a material to the density of water. For concrete, it helps assess quality, composition, and durability characteristics.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the specific gravity formula:

Where:

• \( Density_{concrete} \) — Density of concrete sample (g/cm³)
• \( Density_{water} \) — Density of water (typically 1 g/cm³ at 4°C)

Explanation: The ratio indicates how much denser the concrete is compared to water. Higher SG typically indicates denser, stronger concrete.

3. Importance of Specific Gravity for Concrete

Details: Specific gravity helps evaluate concrete quality, estimate porosity, and predict durability. It's used in mix design and quality control.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter concrete density in g/cm³ and water density (typically 1 g/cm³). Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a typical specific gravity for concrete?
A: Normal weight concrete typically has SG between 2.3-2.5. Lightweight concrete may be 1.2-1.8.

Q2: Why is water density important?
A: Since SG is relative to water, using precise water density (especially at different temperatures) improves accuracy.

Q3: How is concrete density measured?
A: Typically by weighing a known volume of hardened concrete sample after proper curing.

Q4: Does SG vary with concrete mix?
A: Yes, it changes with aggregate type, cement content, air entrainment, and water-cement ratio.

Q5: How does SG relate to concrete strength?
A: Generally, higher SG indicates denser concrete with fewer voids, often correlating with higher strength.